A representation error occurs when your program calls for the computation of some well-defined value that cannot be represented.
Most representation errors are some sort of overflow:
functor(T, f, 1000) % maximum arity is 255
X is 16'7fffffff, Y is X+1 % 32-bit signed integers
atom_chars(X, L) % if length of L > 1024
are all representation errors. Floating-point overflow is a representation error.
The exception code for a representation error is
representation_error(Goal, ArgNo, Message)
0 or
'' provides no further information.